Almost every second man faces prostatitis at different ages. This disease is associated with the inflammatory process of the prostate, which can be caused by stagnant processes in the pelvic region, various infections. In the event that the result of the analysis has shown the presence of pathogens in the secret of the prostate gland, the doctor will diagnose bacterial prostatitis. Why does the disease develop and how is it treated?
Cause
From the name, it becomes clear that the main cause of the disease is the entry of bacteria into the prostate. Pathogens can be:
- Intestine and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
- Staphylococcus aureus.
- Enterococcus.
- Klebsiella.
- Enterobacter.
- Proteus.
- Sexually transmitted infections.
Many pathogenic microorganisms are always present in the human body without damaging it. However, if favorable conditions occur, the infection begins to actively develop, causing the disease. These favorable conditions for bacteria are:
- Urinary tract diseases.
- Bacterial infections that develop in the body and can enter the prostate with blood or lymph fluid.
- Phimosis of the prostate.
- Acute epididymitis.
- Catheterization of the urethra.
- Reflux (intraprostatic or urethroprostatic) is when the disease-causing organisms enter the prostate.
- Transurethral surgeries performed without prior antibiotic treatment.
- Violation of urination due to abnormal structure of the bladder.
- Conditions associated with decreased immune protection (AIDS, diabetes, hemodialysis).
When bacteria enter the prostate area, the pathogenic microflora begins to actively develop and an inflammatory process appears in the organ.
Risk factors that increase the likelihood of developing prostatitis include:
- Common diseases of the genitourinary system are contagious.
- Presence of helminthic infections and other parasites.
- Genetic predisposition.
- Incomplete or premature emptying of the bladder.
- Hypothermia.
- Urethral irritation with chemicals.
- Promising sex life, lack of contraception.
The main causes of inflammation of the prostate
- Prolonged sexual abstinence.
- The presence of bad habits.
- Weakening of immunity.
- Improper nutrition.
- Dehydration of the body.
- A sedentary lifestyle that leads to the appearance of stagnant processes in the pool area.
- Common stressful situations.
Symptoms
It is simply impossible not to notice the symptoms of bacterial prostatitis because this form of the disease begins acutely. The patient is worried about:
- Increased body temperature with chills.
- Painful sensations in the perineum, lower abdomen and lower back.
- Painful urination. The patient experiences pain and a burning sensation in the urethra, which can be felt particularly strongly at night.
- Difficulty urinating, feeling of incomplete emptying of the bladder.
- Constipation is possible due to compression of the anus by an inflamed prostate.
- Signs of body poisoning (headache, general weakness of the body, body aches).
- Discharge from the urethra.
The symptoms of the disease also vary depending on the stage of bacterial prostatitis:
- At the onset of the disease, the inflammation does not spread beyond the prostate. A man is worried about pain in the perineum that may radiate to the sacral area. Urination is quick and painful.
- In the second stage, the inflammation passes into the lobule of the prostate. In this case, the pain increases and can be given to the anus. Urination deteriorates significantly until complete retention.
- In advanced forms of bacterial prostatitis, the inflammation spreads to all lobes of the prostate. The patient complains of signs of general intoxication of the body. Body temperature rises to 40 degrees. The delay in urination will be acute. There are throbbing sensations in the perineum. Frequent constipation occurs.
Possible complications
With early or poor quality treatment, acute bacterial prostatitis can seriously damage a person’s health and life. The most dangerous of these is sepsis.
In addition, the infection can rise above the prostate and lead to pyelonephritis or cystitis.
Bacterial prostatitis can develop into a chronic form that is often difficult to treat and leads to complications such as: adenoma, infertility, impotence, and so on.
Diagnostics
Because bacterial prostatitis has characteristic symptoms, it is usually quite easy to diagnose. If the disease is not acute, the doctor will perform a rectal examination by probing the area of the gland and take a sample of the secretions for analysis. The following tests will help make the diagnosis:
- Clinical and bacterial analysis of the patient's blood and urine.
- Ultrasound of the prostate.
- Blood PSA.
- Analysis of scraping of epithelium from urethra.
Treatment
The risk of bacterial prostatitis is that it can become chronic in the shortest possible time. This is why it is so important to start treatment when the first signs of the disease are identified. After all, the chronic form of the disease contributes to the spread of the inflammatory process to the surrounding tissues and organs. If you ignore the treatment and do not take certain medications, your prostate may become completely atrophied.
Antibiotics are prescribed to treat bacterial prostatitis. Only a doctor can recommend this or that medicine after examining and receiving the results of microbiological tests.
Treatment with antibacterial drugs is considered to be the most appropriate for the bacterial nature of the disease. Due to the fact that antibiotics are able to penetrate organ tissues, the drug is free to penetrate the site of inflammation.
The following antibiotics are prescribed for the treatment of bacterial prostatitis:
- Ampicillins.
- Macrolide formulations are quite effective in combating many pathogens of the disease.
- Drugs belonging to the cephalosporin group are effective in the acute phase of the disease.
- Fluoroquinolones are very sensitive to many bacteria. Given that these drugs have many side effects, they should be prescribed with caution.
- Tetracyclines are difficult to tolerate and are therefore very rarely prescribed recently.
The duration of antibiotic treatment should not be less than 10 days.
In addition, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are used for treatment. They are effective in relieving prostate pain and inflammation.
If urinary problems are detected, the patient is introduced to the use of alpha-blockers, which leads to a decrease in tension in the smooth muscles of the urethra and bladder.
Bacterial prostatitis is often accompanied by a depressed state and frequent changes in the patient's mood. In such cases, your doctor will recommend the use of sedatives.
If the disease is severe, the patient needs detoxification treatment consisting of intravenous administration of glucose, saline with trace elements and vitamin complexes. It is important for a man to adhere to the drinking system and drink at least 2 liters of clean water a day.
Medications for prostatitis should be aimed at normalizing blood circulation in the pelvic region and increasing the body’s defenses. To do this, use:
- Vitamin and mineral complexes.
- Anticonvulsants.
- Immunomodulators.
- Biological agents.
In addition to medication, your doctor recommends that you make microclusters with a decoction of herbs (chamomile, calendula). In the case of bacterial prostatitis, the use of topical preparations should be strictly limited due to the high risk of various complications.
After cessation of the inflammatory process, the patient is prescribed physiotherapy (electrical prostate stimulation, magnetic therapy, etc. ). They help speed up healing and are performed on an outpatient basis.
In extreme cases, when taking the medication did not give the desired result, the doctor may decide on surgery. Such an intervention consists of resection of the prostate and is usually performed in older men. Young people are not prescribed such treatment due to possible complications (enuresis, impotence, infertility).
If bacterial prostatitis becomes chronic, it is quite difficult to treat. We must not forget that this can no longer be done at home.
Preventive measures
An active lifestyle is the best prevention of bacterial prostatitis. This is due to the fact that the gland itself is poorly supplied with blood. Therefore, those who do sedentary work should take regular breaks to walk a little or do special exercises (retracting the muscles of the anus).
The contrast shower has a good effect. In this case, the water flow is directed directly to the perineal area. Hot (hot) water is used for 30 seconds, cool - it should not exceed 15 seconds. The average duration of the procedure is 5 minutes.
Preventive measures also include:
- Avoid body hypothermia.
- Fighting constipation. If you are unable to get rid of them on your own, you should consult a doctor who will advise mild laxatives.
- Normalization of sexual activity (selection of a permanent partner, use of condoms in case of questionable contact, avoidance of long-term absence or overactive sex).
- Regular preventive examination by a urologist for all men over 40-45 years.
Forecast
What are the consequences of bacterial prostatitis in a man? The success of treatment depends on when and how competently the therapy was prescribed. In addition, it is affected by the patient's age, lifestyle, stage of the disease, and the presence of other diseases in the body.
The acute phase responds well to medication, which significantly improves a man’s condition after a few days. But with inadequate treatment or discontinuation, prostatitis can relapse and progress to chronic form, which is much more difficult to cure.
To avoid the unpleasant consequences of bacterial prostatitis, it is important for a man to monitor his health, follow preventive measures, and consult a doctor if he or she experiences discomfort in the perineal region.